Feudalism
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Feudalism was one type of government, but there were others as well.
Feudalism is a decentralized form of government. It is not the same as absolute monarchy, which is highly centralized, and there were absolute monarchies.
There were also parliamentary monarchies, or at least the beginnings of them.
Some of the monarchies were made up of very different groups of people, governed differently, and had elected monarchs. In the Holy Roman Empire, the monarchs were chosen by an electoral college of kings, princes, and bishops. In Scotland, they were chosen at a meeting of the clan leaders. Neither of these systems was entirely feudal.
Feudalism did not exist in countries that were too small to have any advantage in a decentralized government.
Some groups of people were tribal, following tribal chiefs.
There were a lot of towns and cities that were republican, especially in Italy. Republican governments were often controlled by guilds or confederations of guilds.
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The feudal lord or king who provided the peasants protection in exchange for a portion of their crops or benefits.
how many families ruled in the middle ages
Japan
Medieval Europe was ruled by kings and aristocratic families.
There was no explorers in the middle ages. When exploration started that is when the middle ages ended.
Before the middle ages was Anquity (Greeks and Romans) and after the middle ages was the Renissance